1. General Information
Product Name: Donor D
Chemical Name: Dicyclopentyl dimethoxy silane (DCPDMS)
Molecular Formula: C12H24O2Si
Molar Mass: 228.4 g/mol
2. Chemical Properties
Purity %: 99.5 Min
Moisture ppm: 100 Max
3. Physical Properties
Appearance: clear, colorless liquid
Density: It has a density of 0.980~0.990 g/cm³ at 25°C This density value is important for accurate dosing and formulation during manufacturing processes. It helps in ensuring consistent product quality and performance, as precise amounts of Donor D can be added to the reaction mixtures.
Boiling Point: Boils at 118 °C. Such a high boiling point indicates its stability under normal processing temperatures, making it suitable for use in polymerization reactions that often require elevated temperatures for efficient operation.
Flash Point: The flash point of Donor D is 94 °C. This information is crucial for safety considerations during storage and handling, as it helps in implementing proper safety measures to prevent fire hazards.
4. Chemical Reactivity and Stability
Stability: Donor D is highly stable under normal storage conditions.
Reaction Mechanism: In polymerization processes, especially in Ziegler – Natta catalyst systems, Donor D acts as an internal donor. It coordinates with the transition metal in the catalyst, modifying the catalyst’s structure and reactivity. This coordination helps in controlling the stereochemistry of the polymer chains being formed.
5. Applications
Polymerization Industry
Polypropylene Production: In polypropylene manufacturing, Donor D is an integral part of the catalyst system. It significantly influences the microstructure of the polypropylene, leading to the production of high – quality polypropylene with desired properties.
Ethylene – Propylene Rubber (EPR) Production: Donor D is also used in the production of EPR. By controlling the polymerization process, it contributes to the formation of EPR with specific molecular structures and properties. This is important for applications where EPR is used, such as in the automotive industry for manufacturing seals, gaskets, and vibration – damping components due to its excellent elasticity and resistance to heat and chemicals.
6. Usage and Dosage
Usage: Pre – treatment: Donor D is usually added to the catalyst system in a suitable solvent or diluent. It may be pre – mixed with other catalyst components before being introduced into the polymerization reactor. The cocatalyst should be handled under anhydrous and inert gas conditions to prevent its reaction with moisture and air, which could affect its activity.
Reaction process: It is added during the polymerization reaction of propylene with Ziegler – Natta catalysts. The addition time and rate can be adjusted according to the specific polymerization process. Typically, it is added after the main catalyst has been introduced into the reactor, and the addition rate is controlled to ensure a uniform distribution of the cocatalyst in the reaction medium.
Dosage: The dosage of Donor D is usually expressed in terms of the molar ratio of the cocatalyst to the main catalyst. In general, the molar ratio of Donor D to the Ziegler – Natta catalyst is in the range of 0.5 – 5.0. For example, in some common polymerization processes, a molar ratio of 1 – 3 is often used. If the polymerization requires a higher catalyst activity and better control of the polymer properties, a relatively higher molar ratio may be selected, but it should be noted that excessive dosage may lead to some side effects, such as increased cost and potential impacts on the product quality.
7. Advantages
High – Efficiency Catalyst Modifier: Even at low dosages, Donor D can significantly improve the performance of polymerization catalysts. It enhances the catalyst’s activity and selectivity, leading to higher polymerization rates and better – controlled polymer structures. This results in more efficient production processes and higher – quality polymer products.
Versatility in Polymerization: It can be used in different polymerization processes and with various types of Ziegler – Natta catalysts, providing flexibility to polymer manufacturers. This versatility allows for the production of a wide range of polymers with different properties to meet the diverse needs of various industries.
Cost – Effectiveness: Considering its effectiveness in improving polymerization efficiency and product quality, Donor D offers a cost – effective solution. By reducing the amount of catalyst required and minimizing production waste, it helps in lowering overall production costs while maintaining high – quality standards.
8. Handling and Safety
Personal Protective Equipment: When handling Donor D, it is recommended to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical – resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Ventilation: Ensure good ventilation in the handling area, especially when working with large quantities.
9. Packaging and Storage
Packaging: Usually packed in 200 – liter iron drums with an inner protective layer. Each drum contains 180 kg of Donor D. Additionally, the drums are filled with nitrogen to create an inert atmosphere, which helps maintain the chemical stability of Donor D during storage and transportation.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Under proper storage conditions, it has a shelf – life of one year. Regularly inspect the stored product to ensure its quality and effectiveness before use in production processes.